Process of producing lampblack.



No; 70mm. Patented July 29, 1902..

D. J. OGIL'VY. PROCESS OF PRODUCINGLAMPBLAOK.

' (Application filed Aug. 18, 1897-) (No Mod al.) 3 Sheata8heet I.

JHHJ n 105 gr P ATTORNEY No. 706,00l. Patented July 29, I902.

D. J. OGILVY.

PROCESS OF PRODUCING LAMPBLAGK. (Application filed Aug. 1a, 1897. (No Modal.) 3 Sheet sSheet 2.

No. 706mm.

Patented July 29, I902. D. J. OGILVY.

PROCESS OF PRODUCING LAMPBLACK.

(Apphcatiun filed Aug. 18. 1897.)

3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

NIT-ED STATES PATENT ()FF-IGE.

DAVID J. OGILVY, O'F CINCINNATI, OHIO.

PROCESS OF PRO DUCING LAMPBLACK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 706,001, dated July 29, 1902. Application filed August 13, 1897. Serial No. 648,167 (No specimens.)

To all whom, it 712,693] concern:

Be it known that I, DAVID J. OGILVY, aciti zen of the United States, and a resident of the city of Cincinnati, in the county of Ham-- parts, Figure 1 is a view, partly in elevation and partly in section, of an apparatus illustrating my invention. Fig. 2 is an elevation of an apparatus illustrating my invention. In this view that side of the structure next the beholder is removed to disclose the interior operations. Fig. 3 is an elevation of an apparatus, (its nearest side removed,) illustrating my invention. Fig. 4 represents a vertical longitudinalsection of a furnace,illustrating my invention. Fig. 5 is a view of the under side of the slitted tubes employed in the apparatus shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 6 represents a vertical longitudinal section of a furnace with a revolving flue illustrating my invention. Fig. 7 representsatransverse sectional view of Fig. 6, this section being taken in the plane of the dotted line '7 7 of Fig. 6.

Fig. 8 represents atop view of an apparatus illustrating my invention. Fig. 9 represents a side elevation of a section taken in the plane of the dotted line 9 9 of Fig. 8, that side of the section which faces toward the right in Fig. Sbeing seen. Fig. 10 represents a view, partly in elevation and partly in section, of an apparatus illustrating my invention.

This process has for its object the production of black and dark pigments, which I attain by impinging a carbonaceous flame on water or on its equivalent-a moist or wet surface. The flame maybe produced from any of the well-known sources, such as natural or manufactured hydrocarbon gases, or from liquid or solid carbonaceous material, such as coal-tar, petroleum, resins, pitches, &c. WVhen liquid or solid materials are used, it is preferable, if convenient, to convert them into gas or vapor by the well-known methods, as gas-flames are more, easily controlled and regulated by altering the pressure of the gas and the position of the jets. In cases where the flame is produced directly from the combustion of liquid or solid carbonaceous material in pans or otherreceptacles the flame may be guided so as to impinge on the water in a proper position by regulating the draft, which draft may be guided by a fan or steam-jet. The carbonaceous flame when produced is now directed and allowed toimpinge at a proper angle and distance on a wet or aqueous surface in such a manner that it Will bestow the best results as to quality and quantity of deposited carbon. The angle and distance required are easily arrived at by observation when the other conditions are decided upon such as shape, size, and source of the flame and the manner in which the water will be used-as, for example, thewater may be in the form of a stream and the flame directed down on the surface of the stream, or the water may be liberated from suitably-shaped openings or from slits and the flame impinged on the traveling water, or the flam'e may be directed against falling sheets or sprays of water, or the flame may be forced down or drawn into a body of water by means of injected steam or a suitable gas. The water may also be on the surface or interstices of a rigid or flexible substance, such as porous baked clay, stone, metal, vegetable fiber, &c. A soft or semifluid mixture of carbon-black and water makes a very effective moist coating to be placed on a desirable surface. Ice liberates the carbon easily from a carbonaceous flame. The quantity of air supplied to the carbonaceous flame should be limited as far as practicable, as this condition conduces to the liberation of the carbon.

In the accompanying drawings I have illustrated a number of modes for producing the pigments. These will, it is believed, sufficiently illustrate the principle of my invention.

In Fig. 1 there are two tanks, which may be connected so that the liquids will communicate, each tank having an outer wall (indicated by W W) and an inner wall W? W These tanks are filled with water as high as the dotted line F F. In each tank,

near the bottom thereof, is a pulley, (indicated by P and P.) I-Iigherup and near the inner wall of each tank a second pulley P P is present, and opposite the top of these pulleys are horizontal slits or openings S S for the passage therethrough of the pulley-band P B. Still higher on the walls are the pulleys P P and also the slits S S for the passage of the band]? B. The pulleys P P, P P P P are ribbed or have projections at intervals, so as to prevent the close cont-act of the band on the pulleys, thereby preventing the packing of the pigment on the band. This band or belt may be formed of linen or other suitable fabric. To prevent tension and; consequent reduction of the width of the band, the pulleys on each end have sprockets connected by chains, the band being braced to the chains, thereby keeping the band in position. (A composite band may be formed from linen and metallic mesh, and in such cases the chain and-sprocket arrangement may be omitted.) In the space between the walls W and W there are located, below the band P B where it crosses near the top of the tank, a series of jets J to supply the carbonaceous flame, which impinges upon the under side of the pulley-band P B. A similar series of jets or source of carbonaceous flame J 2 may impinge on the under side of the band where it crosses from the wall WV to wall W higher up at S" S Thus both sides of the band are utilized. To regulate the distance of the flame from the Wet band, so that the best yield of deposited carbon may be obtained, the jets or receptacles supplying the flame are so arranged that they may be raised or lowered at will. This adjustment may be attained in various ways, such as by screws K and K, as shown. The manner in which this apparatus operates is as follows: Power is duly applied, preferably, to the pulleys P and the band P B is then set in motion until it is sufficiently moist and the motion slowly continued. The gas or source of the flame is now ignited and the moist band is struck by the impinging flame, thereby receiving a deposit of carbon from same. The band being moist readily holds and carries this carbon along and into the liquid contained in the tanks. There the carbon is removed by the liquid, and the wet band is ready for a fresh deposit on its arrival at the flame as the process is being continued. Should the carbon not be sufficiently removed from the belt, I increase the speed of the pulleys occasionally or have extra sprays for removing the black pigment. The pigment accumulates in the liquid in the tanks A and A and may be removed by the valve E. The mixture of pigment and liquid may be separated by strainin g, and the pulp-black can be utilized as such or may be dried. It will be understood that by regulating the pressure of the gas used in producing the flame the series of jets may be directed in any desired direction to impinge on the wet surface. If required, extra sprays may be used to keep the band sufliciently moist, as also to assist in removing the pigment. Such arrangements increase the capacity of the apparatus. The source of the duction of black pigments.

carbonaceous flame at J 2 may be a trough or receptacle containing oils,resins, pitches,&c. while at J is illustrated a series of gas-jets. The outlet for the waste gases at 0 may be connected with chambers.

In Fig. 2 is shown a chamber containing a source of carbonaceous flame furnished by gas emitted from the jets A and A This flame impinges on a sheet of water B and B emitted from the slit O and the water receives the deposit of carbon from the carbonaceous gas-flames and carries same to the receptacle D and D from which it may be separated by straining. H and H indicate screws to regulate the height of the carbonaceous flame. K indicates a door to make observations and regulate the admission of air. The waste gases escape at the opening marked 0 Fig. 3 illustrates an apparatus in which the flame is inverted. A and A indicate gassupply pipes and gas-jets, the gas being at the required pressure to produce an inverted flame. B and 13 indicate an inclined surface over which a thin stream of water is spread. E indicates screws to regulate the angle of the inclined surface, so as to govern the speed of the stream, slow running being preferred. 0 indicates a receiver for the mixture of water and carbon, which may be separated by straining. 0 indicates outlet for waste gases. D indicates source of water.

In Fig. l is shown a furnace which is suitable for burning carbonaceous materialsuch as oils, resins, pitches, &c.for the pro- A indicates an oblong iron pan into which the carbonaceous material is'fed and then burned, the flame passing from the pan A toward the flue, (indicated by F At the roof of the furnace is the beginning of the water-sheets, (indicated by C 0 These may consist of either an iron vessel or pipes laid parallel and pierced with openings or slits at intervals, (shown in Fig. 5,) the object being to make a tortuous passage among the descending sheets of water escaping from the slits C for the flame in its travels toward the flue F thereby giving the flame an ample surface of water to impinge on, so that the largest possible amount of carbon may be separated from the flame before it arrives at the flue F. D indicates a receiver for the water and pigment, which mixture may be drawn oif continuously and strained through fine cloth. It is desirable to have the source of flame at A close to the falling water, so that the flame may directly impinge thereon, thereby obtaining the full benefit of the impingement. Waste gases and any floating carbon escaping by the flue F are ready for further treatment, if necessary. Another method in which this style of furnace may be utilized is to omit the falling water and have divisions or shafts in the re= ceiver D, in which there are jets pointing downward and partly immersed in the liquid contained in the receiver D. By forcing the miscibility of the carbon and water.

tospoi flame from the pan A down into the water by the aid of steam or a suitable gas passing through the jets the flame is brought into contact with the water, thereby liberating carbon. Another application of this style of furnace is to allow the flame to ascend a chimney and impinge on sheets or sprays of water traveling across the chimney.

fall toward the opening D so that the watery mixture of carbon may escape by the outlet E theremainder of the smoke passing by the opening D into suitable flues or cham bers. In place ofbrickwork the furnace and revolving flue may be covered with an iron tank F F, which will be a source of hot-water.

In Fig. 7 is shown a sectional view of Fig. 6. One means of rotating the drum or cylinder B B is shown, and consists of a gearface 13 meshing with a pinion B operated by a power-pulley B. The teeth of the gear-face B on the drum B B willin practice he made much finer than as shown in Fig. 7, and the teeth of the engaging pinion B will be made to correspond.

In Fig.8, S S indicate a vessel containing water, over the surface of which revolve inverted gas-jets T T at a proper-distance to liberate carbon from the flame, followed by paddles V V to conduct the floating pigment to the overflow-outlet 0 where the watery mixture escapes for straining. It will be understood that thepaddles are preferably suspendedfrom their supporting outwardly-extending radial rod or shaft and are arranged and adapted when impinging against the outlet 0 to yield and pass over the trough, thecarbonon the surface of the aqueous solution being carried before each paddle into the trough 0 Fig. 9, as aforementioned, is a sectional view of Fig. 8.

In Fig. 10 is shown a porous slab H H and a series of revolving gas-jets K K connected with the gas=pipe P by, the loose joint M, on which the gas-jets are freely revolved, the flames impinging on the porous slab H H*, over which flows a streamof water or watery solution from the source L.

To render the water or aqueous surface more susceptible in its behavior toward the depositedcarbon, which is often of an oily or repellant nature, it is often advisable to add to the water substances which facilitate the Among such substances are potassium and sodium hydroxids and carbonates, ammonia and ammonium chlorid, acetic acid and acetates, potash-sodaand zinc, phenic acid, sodium phe nate, sugar, &c. For most purposes a dilute solution of sodium hydroxid, specific gravity 1.025, will answer. Stronger solutions may be used, provided the solution does not attack the material of the apparatus. The liquid may be elevated and used again so long as it is effective.

By the term traveling or moving flame is understood that the source of the flame or the burner is in motion. It is also advisable to feed the carbonaceous material just as consumed to prevent the volatilization of same, or when the combustion-pans are large they should have openings at intervals .to supply air to the central points of combustion.

In the various devices in which this method maybe utilized it is proper in many cases to inclose the apparatus to prevent unnecessary currents of air striking the flames, also to regulate the admission of the air by having air-vents atsuitable points.

When the waste gases from this method proper to save it by any 'of the proper means, such as passing through chambers, 850.

My claim does not cover the absorption of floating carbon by passing smoke through water or sprays. p

From the foregoing illustrations of the application of my invention it is obvious that there are a great variety of apparatuses in which the general principles of my invention can be applied.

In so far as the broad features of my in vention are concerned I do not claim any special mechanical device or arrangement or any special method of burning the carbonaceous material. I claim the production of black or dark pigments byvimpinging a carbonaceous flame at any proper angle and distance on a smooth or irregular surface of water or its equivalenta Wet or moist surfaceusually consisting either of natural or pure water at any proper temperature, and when preferred it may contain suitable soluble matter to assist the miscibility of the water and carbon.

Among the advantages of my new method are the following: Metal scrapers are unnecessary,as the carbonbeingdepositedonamoist surface is easily removed by a spray or bath. On account of the many motions which may be attained in running or moving water a fresh moist surface can always be presented to the impinging flame. Consequently there is no danger of burning the pigment.- Hence a better shade is produced. The process may be conducted continuously, as the carbon may be removed while the process is in operation. From a hygienic view this method is far superior to the old methods on account of the cleanliness of the operation, also the facility of handling the pigment, which, being in a moist semifiuid condition, can be easily handled with pumping machinery. The fa cility of removingany floating carbon which contain sufficient floating carbon, it is then may be in the waste gases is greatly facili tated on account of the compactness with which the apparatus may be constructed.

What I claim as new and of my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The producing black or dark carbonaceous deposit which consists in impinging a carbonaceous flame upon an aqueous surface,

' substantially as and for the purposes spec'i-f 2. The process of producing black or dark' carbonaceous deposits which consists in impinging a carbonaceous flame upon an aqueous surface while the said aqueous surfaceis in a state of motion, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

3. The process of producing black or dark carbonaceous deposits which consists in impinginga stationary carbonaceous flame upon an aqueous surface while the said aqueous surface is in a state of motion, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

4. The process of producing black or dark carbonaceous deposits, which consists in impinging a carbonaceous flame on anaqueous surface, and thepresenting of an aqueous moving surface to receive and carry away the pigment deposited thereon, substantially as specified.

5. Theprocess of producing black or dark carbonaceous deposits, which consists in impinging a carbonaceous flame on an aqueous -surface,.and then subjecting the resulting 

